Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Harry T. Clelland, Marton Kovacs, Felix Holzmeister, Don van Ravenzwaaij, Hannah Schulz-Kümpel, Sabine Hoffmann, Gustav Nilsonne, Livia Kosa, Zoltan A. Torma, Yousuf Abdelfatah, Christopher L. Aberson, Oguz A. Acar, Ensar Acem, Matus Adamkovic, Timofey Adamovich, Krisna Adiasto, Love Ahnström, Atakan M. Akil, Adil S. Al-Busaidi, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Casper J. Albers, Peter J. Allen, Taym Alsalti, Micah Altman, Shilaan Alzahawi, Ettore Ambrosini, Saule Anafinova, Rahul Anand, Martin Angerer, Ariadna Angulo-Brunet, Alberto Antonietti, Jozsef Arato, Andreu Arenas, Marco M. Aviña, Flavio Azevedo, Marko Bachl, Bence Bago, Štěpán Bahník, Bradley J. Baker, Elza Balayan, Cassandra L. Baldwin, Benjamin Banai, Kasia Banas, František Bartoš, Ernest Baskin, Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen, Nadège Bault, Christopher W. Bauman, Quintin H. Beazer, Maciej Behnke, Theiss Bendixen, Sebastian Berger, Anna Bernard, Ursa Bernardic, Paul A. Bloom, Annika Boldt, Ciril Bosch-Rosa, Rotem Botvinik-Nezer, Adam Bouyamourn, Ozge Bozkurt, Laurel Brehm, Johannes Breuer, Ryan Briggs, Hilmar Brohmer, Erin Buchanan, Johannes Buckenmaier, Jeffrey Buckley, Jacek Buczny, Matthias Burghart, Bilal H. Butt, Nick Byrd, Valentina Cafarelli, Patrick Callahan, Tabaré Capitán, Kevin Carriere, Andrea M. Cataldo, Gabriel Cepaluni, Eugene Chan, Jesse J. Chandler, Chia-Chen Chang, Xi Chen, Shirley Shuo Chen, Fadong Chen, Hao Chen, Valerii Chirkov, Daniela Cialfi, Beth Clarke, Sophie G. Coelho, Clara Cohen, Jason Collins, Susan W. Cook, Gaia Corlazzoli, Jamie Cummins, Christian Czymara, Jonathan D’hondt, Anna Dalla Rosa, Abi M. B. Davis, Charles P. Davis, Martin V. Day, Freya De Keyzer, Joshua R. de Leeuw, Tjeerd Rudmer de Vries, Ramit Debnath, Filip Dechterenko, Elif E. Demiral, Marc Desgroseilliers, Dominik Dianovics, Veronica Diveica, Stephan Dochow-Sondershaus, Simone Dohle, LiChen Dong, Jonas Dora, Angela R. Dorrough, Anna Dreber, Hongfei Du, John E. Edlund, Anita Eerland, Emir Efendić, Jacob Elder, Mahmoud M. Elsherif, Mareike Ernst, Eduardo Estrada, Luis Eudave, Thomas R. Evans, Arodi Farrera, El Mehdi Ferrouhi, Lenka Fiala, Fabrício M. Fialho, Joshua L. Fiechter, Miloš Fišar, Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter, Michał Folwarczny, Jessica L. Fossum, Vithor R. Franco, René Freichel, Danilo Freire, Joris Frese, Alexander C. Furnas, Johann D. Gaebler, Lisa C. Gajary, Carl Michael Galang, Benjamin Ganschow, S. Mason Garrison, Agata Gasiorowska, Bruno Gasparotto Ponne, Romain Gauriot, Alice Geminiani, Diogo Geraldes, Morton Ann Gernsbacher, Cinzia Giani, Enrico Glerean, Vukašin Gligorić, Timo Gnambs, Amélie Godefroidt, Bastián González-Bustamante, Andreas Goreis, Lorenz Graf-Vlachy, Manuel Grieder, Dmitry Grigoryev, Sandra Grinschgl, David J. Grüning, João F. Guassi Moreira, Clément Guichet, Lilas Gurgand, Hooman Habibnia, Andrew C. Hafenbrack, Sebastian Hafenbrädl, Carolin Häffner, Felix Hagemeister, Matthew Haigh, Nandor Hajdu, Narges Hajimoladarvish, Jonathan D. Hall, Maik Hamjediers, Robert M. Hardwick, Mehmet Harma, Nicholas R. Harp, Áron D. Hartvig, Raphael H. Heiberger, Arthur Heim, Øystein Hernæs, Dennis Hernaus, Tom Heyman, Joshua Hicks, Jeremy Hogeveen, Julia Höpler, Sean Dae Houlihan, Christoph Huber, Conor Hughes, Teresa Hummler, Karoline Huth, Moritz Ingendahl, Tatsunori Ishii, Ozan Isler, Kamil Izydorczak, Iain R. Jackson, Andrew Jahn, Maitri Jain, Alexander Jakubow, Daisung Jang, JunHyeok Jang, Marc Jekel, Fanli Jia, William Jiménez-Leal, Rebecca Johnson, Alex Jones, Sebastian Jungkunz, Pavol Kačmár, Caspar Kaiser, Yağmur Kalaycı, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Anıl Karabulut, Julian D. Karch, Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani, Johannes A. Karl, Austėja Kažemekaitytė, Aliaksandr Kazlou, Zoltan Kekecs, Jin Kim, Michael H. Kirchler, Bence Kiss-Dobronyi, Kai N. Klasmeier, Jack W. Klein, Cemal Koba, Marta Kołczyńska, Pavlos Kolias, Matěj Kolouch Grabovský, Max Korbmacher, Živa Korda, Marta Kowal, André Kretzschmar, Vladislav Krivoshchekov, Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos, Marcus Kubsch, Yoshihiko Kunisato, David Lacko, Jan R. Landwehr, Martin Lange, Hongmi Lee, Daniel Lee, Sangil Lee, Edward P. Lemay, Daniel Lempert, Andrea Leo, Elise Lesage, Joel M. Levin, Peng Li, Jing Lin, Luke Lindsay, Daria Lisovoj, Meng Liu, Sihong Liu, Tingshu Liu, Sergio Lo Iacono, Paul Lodder, Rubén López-Bueno, Ruben Lopez-Nicolas, Katharina Loter, Nigel Mantou Lou, Andrey Lovakov, Jackson G. Lu, Jonas Ludwig, Finn Luebber, Jiří Lukavský, Charles Q. Luo, Xuanyu Lyu, Esther Maassen, Martin Máčel, Michael L. Mack, Christopher R. Madan, Andreas Mädebach, Joseph Maffly-Kipp, Daniel J. Mallinson, Igor Marchetti, Tyler Marghetis, Matteo M. Marini, Diego Marino Fages, Mayte Martínez, Mario Martinoli, Aidas Masiliunas, Sébastien Massoni, Kaleb C. Mathieu, Stefan Mayer, Duncan J. Mayer, Maren Mayer, Ethan M. McCormick, Ian M. McDonough, Amanda L. McGowan, Miranda M. McIntyre, Paul McKee, Armando N. Meier, Pascal F. Meier, Helena Melero, Christoph Merkle, Raphael Merz, Michalis P. Michaelides, Patrik Michaelsen, Gosia Mikolajczak, Wladislaw Mill, Philip Millroth, Kirill G. Miroshnik, Michal Misiak, Youri L. Mora, David Moreau, Chris Moreh, Coby Morvinski, Faisal Mushtaq, Tamás Nagy, Christa Nater, Elias Naumann, Gorka Navarrete, Stephan Nebe, Andre Nedderhoff, Richard Nennstiel, Martin Neugebauer, Eliana Nicolaisen-Sobesky, Yngwie A. Nielsen, Guiomar Niso, Benjamin Nowak, Mehmet Okan, Kenneth Ong, Adrian I. Onicas, Christian Oswald, Kasper Otten, Shubham Pandey, Myrto Pantazi, Paolo Papale, Philip Pärnamets, Shiva Pauer, Yuri G. Pavlov, Samuel Pawel, Jonathan E. Peelle, Hannah K. Peetz, Anton Peez, Francesca Pesciarelli, Brenton D. Peterson, Benjamin Petruželka, Jonas Petter, Jan Pfänder, Gerit Pfuhl, Joseph Phillips, Matthew T. Pietryka, Angelo Pirrone, Ilse L. Pit, Anna Plachti, Irene Sophia Plank, Matteo Ploner, Russell A. Poldrack, Monique M. H. Pollmann, Simon Porcher, Patrick Präg, Andrew Adrian Y. Pua, Jessica Pugel, Rohan Puri, Marcell Püski, Setayesh Radkani, Louis Raes, Ismaël Rafaï, Klara Raiber, Steve Rathje, Raphael Rehms, Mikhail Reshetnikov, Caleb J. Reynolds, James P. Reynolds, Kévin Rigaud, Charlie Rioux, Sebastian Rivera, Olly Robertson, Rafael Román-Caballero, Ivan Ropovik, Lukas Röseler, Robert M. Ross, Amanda Rotella, Franziska F. Rüffer, Felix Rusche, Massimo Rusconi, Irene Russo, Alexander H. J. Sahm, Janos Salamon, Margaret Samahita, Ali Sanaei, Arshiya Sangchooli, Alexandra Sarafoglou, Michele Scandola, Henning Schaak, Michael Schaerer, Eric Schares, Hayden T. Schilling, Xenia Schmalz, Kathleen Schmidt, Tom Schonberg, Marcel R. Schreiner, Joris M. Schröder, Anna-Lena Schubert, Brendan Schuetze, Douglas H. Schultz, Lars Schulze, Shawn T. Schwartz, Nicole Schwitter, Bermond Scoggins, Yashvin Seetahul, Raffaello Seri, David R. Shanks, Stacy T. Shaw, Joseph Shaw, Qiang Shen, Christoph Siemroth, Martina Sladekova, Angela Somo, Arjun Sondhi, Burak Sonmez, Lisa Spantig, Maarten Speekenbrink, Angelos Stamos, Lukasz Stasielowicz, Leonie C. Steckermeier, Simon R. Steinkamp, Andrea H. Stoevenbelt, Chris N. H. Street, Jordan W. Suchow, Hans Fredrik Sunde, James Sundquist, Vsevolod Suschevskiy, Scott D. Swain, Peter Szecsi, Raluca D. Szekely-Copîndean, Ewa Szumowska, Alessandro Tacconelli, Eli Talbert, John P. Tang, Jorge N. Tendeiro, Martina Testori, Enrico Toffalini, Aleksandar Tomašević, Selin Topel, Lasse Torkkeli, Leonardo Tozzi, Jakub Traczyk, Alexander Trinidad, Darinka Trübutschek, Konrad Turek, Maximiliane Uhlich, Eric L. Uhlmann, Karolina Urbanska, Jasper Van Assche, Marcel A. L. M. van Assen, Noah N. N. van Dongen, Kenny van Lieshout, Roel van Veldhuizen, Marton A. Varga, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Fruzsina Venczel, Michela Vezzoli, Paul Vierus, Antonino Visalli, Emily Voldal, Fabio Votta, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Anica Waldendorf, Matthew J. Walker, Matthew B. Wall, Henri Wallen, Ke Wang, Iris Wang, Y. Andre Wang, Markus Weinmann, Martin Weiß, Christian Westheide, Aaron Wichman, Juliane C. Wilcke, Benedict J. Williams, David Wisniewski, Thomas K. A. Woiczyk, Mateusz Woźniak, Joshua D. Wright, Wu Youyou, Jesper N. Wulff, Tao Yang, Siu Kit Yeung, Kenneth S. L. Yuen, Michał Zawistowski, Rizqy A. Zein, Xian Zhao, Zefan Zheng, Steven Zhou, Conrad Ziller, David Zimmerman, Cristina Zogmaister, Ro’i Zultan, Nicholas Fox, Timothy M. Errington, Brian A. Nosek
The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1, 2–3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts’ choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the original data. The statistical appropriateness of the reanalyses was assessed in peer evaluations, and the robustness indicators were inspected along a range of research characteristics and study designs. We found that 34% of the independent reanalyses yielded the same result (within a tolerance region of ±0.05 Cohen’s d) as the original report; with a four times broader tolerance region, this indicator increased to 57%. Of the reanalyses conducted, 74% reached the same conclusion as the original investigation, 24% yielded no effects or inconclusive results and 2% reported the opposite effect. This exploratory study indicates that the common single-path analyses in social and behavioural research should not be simply assumed to be robust to alternative analyses4. Therefore, we recommend the development and use of practices to explore and communicate this neglected source of uncertainty. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2026.
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Operations and Decision Sciences, Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom; Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Politics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; The Dissertation Coach, Oak Park, CA, United States; King’s Business School, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey; Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russian Federation; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Business Communication Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Jubail English Language and Preparatory Year Institute, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Research on Equitable and Open Scholarship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Technical Education, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Management, Aarhus BSS (Aarhus University), Aarhus, Denmark; Liechtenstein Business School, University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institut d’Economia de Barcelona and IPERC, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; James M. and Cathleen D. Stone PhD Scholars in Inequality and Wealth Concentration, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Media and Communication Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Sport, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States; Banai Analitika, Osijek, Croatia; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Food, Pharma and Healthcare, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Brain Research & Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Bern University of Applied Science, Bern, Switzerland; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Lisbon, Portugal; CEPE, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Psychiatry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Chair of Macroeconomics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Department of Psychology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Linguistics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Research Data & Methods, Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS), Bochum, Germany; Department of Political Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany; Guelph Institute of Development Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Political Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Analytics, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Technology Education, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland; Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Sopot, Poland; Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany; School of Mathematics and Computer Science (SMCS), Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan; Computer Science Department, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan; School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States; New York, NY, United States; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stonehill College, Easton, MA, United States; Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of International Relations and Public Policy, São Paulo State University, Franca, Brazil; Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States; Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Chinese Open Science Network, Shanghai, China; Department of Intelligent Perception and Interaction Research, OPPO Shanghai Research Institute, Shanghai, China; Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada; School of Management, Neuromanagement Laboratory and The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Science of Intelligence Research Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy; Enrico Fermi Research Center, Rome, Italy; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; English Language and Linguistics, School of Critical Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Psychology of Digitalisation, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Sociology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Marketing, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada; Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Cognitive Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States; Copenhagen Health Complexity Center, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Collective Intelligence and Design Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Climate and Social Intelligence Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States; School of Computer Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Marketing and Supply-Chain Management, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Philadelphia, PA, United States; Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Woerthersee, Austria; Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Anthropological Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Faculty of Economics and Management, University Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco; Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institute for Replication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Economics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; School of Sociology, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation; International Inequalities Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States; Department of Public Economics & MUEEL, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Discipline of Marketing, J.E. Cairnes School of Business & Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, United States; Postgraduate Program of Psychology, São Francisco University, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Data and Decision Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Fiesole, Italy; Center for Science of Science & Innovation, Evanston, IL, United States; Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; John Glenn College of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; River Forest, LLC, Dublin, OH, United States; Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany; Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland; Federal Senate of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Economics, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; School of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Como, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany; Centre for Research on Peace and Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IESEG School of Management, Lille, France; Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, The Hague, Netherlands; Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Business and Economics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany; ESCP Business School, Paris, France; Faculty of Business and Economics, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland; School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland; Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; Department of Psychology, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5105 LPNC, Grenoble, France; Département d’études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, Paris, France; Department of Strategy of Innovation, Institute for Cognition and Behavior, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria; Management & Organization, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Managing People in Organizations, IESE Business School, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychology: Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Data Science, Sueddeutsche Zeitung Digitale Medien, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Economics, Finance, and Legal Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Decision Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria; Institute for Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Labour and Public Policies, Paris School of Economics, Paris, France; Statistics, Evaluation and Research Department, Caisse Nationale des Allocations Familiales, Paris, France; Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Mental Health and NeuroScience (MHeNS) Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Finance, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Human Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan; School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; fMRI Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States; Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Melbourne Business School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Political Science, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States; Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Institute of Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia; Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Manisa, Turkey; Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, Netherlands; MoMiLab, Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Flo Health LTU, Vilnius, Lithuania; CUHK Business School, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Operations and Decision Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; Structural Change and Work Organisation, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany; Chair for Industrial/Organizational Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Computational Neuroscience Group, Sano Centre for Computational Personalized Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Department of Research on Social and Institutional Transformations, Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center, Bergen, Norway; Neuro-SysMed, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; IDN Being Human Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CAPE, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Group of Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan; Department of Personality Psychology and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Marketing, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Labour Markets and Social Insurance, ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Lerner College of Business, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Department of Politics, State University of New York Potsdam, Potsdam, NY, United States; Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P. – S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China; Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Social, Personality, and Health Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom; Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), Berlin, Germany; MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Open Science Initiative, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States; School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Economics, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Insitute of Economics & L’EMbeDS, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy; School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Université de Lorraine–Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, BETA, Nancy, France; Department of Psychology and Special Education, East Texas A & M University, Commerce, TX, United States; School of Business and Economics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Doylestown, PA, United States; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (Knowledge Media Research Center), Tübingen, Germany; Methodology & Statistics, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands; Education Statistics and Research Methods, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States; Center for Cognitive Applications, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States; Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States; Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Finance Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Economics, Jedi Lab, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Global Institute for Women’s Leadership, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (Free University of Brussels), Brussels, Belgium; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; ESRC Centre for Population Change, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds NIHR Biomedical Reseatch Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany; Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychological Methods, Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Sociology of Education, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Karlsruhe University of Education, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Neuroimaging Group, Cajal Neuroscience Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; UMR Territoires, VetAgro Sup, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Clermont Auvergne, Lempdes, France; Department of Marketing, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Center for Crisis Early Warning, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany; Asylum and Migration Group, WODC (Research and Data Centre), The Hague, Netherlands; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India; University of Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany; Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Social Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Research Centre Normative Orders, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neurological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States; Sababi Institute, Hargeisa, Somalia; Faculty of Social Studies, Department of Social Work, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Law and Politics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Political Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Calleva Research Centre for Evolution and Human Sciences, Magdalen College, Oxford, United Kingdom; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Department of Management, Université Paris Dauphine PSL, Paris, France; Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), ENSAE, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France; Carlos L. Tiu School of Economics, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines; School of Business, Economics, and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany; Evidence-to-Impact Collaborative, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse School of Management, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France; Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, United States; School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Interdisciplinary Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Escuela de Gobierno y Administración Pública, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Department of Psychiatry, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music & the Mind - LIVELab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department for Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany; Münster Center for Open Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, Bonn, Germany; InsIDE Lab, Dipartimento di Economia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy; Cnr-Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale “Antonio Zampolli” (CNR-ILC), Pisa, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Ergonomics and Psychology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary; Computational Social Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Economics and Social Sciences, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria; Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore; University Library, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, United States; School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Psychology III, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Educational Psychology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States; Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; MZES, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; School of Politics and International Relations, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social Sciences and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States; Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, United Kingdom; Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Department of Economics, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Department of Quantitative Intelligence, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States; Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Business and Economics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Department of Social Sciences, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Faculty of Social Science, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Educational Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom; School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; NSI, Inc., Washington, DC, United States; Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Marketing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Department of Social & Human Research, Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Center for Law and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland; Education, Research, Statistics, and Evaluation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; History and Art History, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan; Greenwich Business School, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Business, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta, Finland; Visiting Researcher, LUT Business School, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland; Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Research Group Neural Circuits, Consciousness and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Organizational Behavior, INSEAD, Singapore, Singapore; Sheffield, United Kingdom; Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Child and Education Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, United States; DISTUM, Department of Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy; IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Lido Venice, Italy; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Economics, Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Perceptive Discovery, Perceptive, London, United Kingdom; Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland; Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychology I, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Frankfurt, Germany; Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, United States; University of Kentucky Medical School, Lexington, KY, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Business Economics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Cognitive Science Department, Central European University, Vienna, Austria; Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy; Data and Analytics, Texas State Technical College, Waco, TX, United States; Institute of Education(IOE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cameron School of Business, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States; Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany; Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States; Institute of Psychology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States; U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Economics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Center for Open Science, Washington, DC, United States; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Neuroscience Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany; Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany
