Gwendolyn K. Lee, Robert E. Cole
We propose a new model of knowledge creation in purposeful, loosely coordinated, distributed systems, as an alternative to a firm-based one. Specifically, using the case of the Linux kernel development project, we build a model of community-based, evolutionary knowledge creation to study how thousands of talented volunteers, dispersed across organizational and geographical boundaries, collaborate via the Internet to produce a knowledge-intensive, innovative product of high quality. By comparing and contrasting the Linux model with the traditional/commercial model of software development and firm-based knowledge creation efforts, we show how the proposed model of knowledge creation expands beyond the boundary of the firm. Our model suggests that the product development process can be effectively organized as an evolutionary process of learning driven by criticism and error correction. We conclude by offering some theoretical implications of our community-based model of knowledge creation for the literature of organizational learning, community life, and the uses of knowledge in society.
Technology Management Department, Doshisha University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Sociology, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1900, United States; INSEAD, Asia Campus, Singapore 138676, 1 Ayer Rajah Avenue, Singapore
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