Jessica J. Sim, Joshua Correll, Melody S. Sadler
In three studies, we examined how training may attenuate (or exacerbate) racial bias in the decision to shoot. In Experiment 1, when novices read a newspaper article about Black criminals, they showed pronounced racial bias in a first-person-shooter task (FPST); when they read about White criminals, bias was eliminated. Experts (who practiced the FPST) and police officers were unaffected by the same stereotype-accessibility manipulation. However, when training itself (base rates of armed vs. unarmed targets in the FPST, Experiment 2a; or special unit officers who routinely deal with minority gang members, Experiment 2b) reinforced the association between Blacks and danger, training did not attenuate bias. When race is unrelated to the presence/absence of a weapon, training may eliminate bias as participants learn to focus on diagnostic object information (gun vs. no gun). But when training actually promotes the utility of racial cues, it may sustain the heuristic use of stereotypes. © 2013 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
Department of Organisational Behaviour, INSEAD, Singapore 138676, Asia Campus, 1 Ayer Rajah Avenue, Singapore; University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States; San Diego State University, CA, United States
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